Implanting an Electronic Health Record Chip into Every US...

Background Scenario The technology has been developed for a medical chip that individuals wear that contains all their health information. This information would constantly be up to date, and essentially provide real time information in any emergency situation, travel, or if the patient could not speak or give coherent answers. We are taking part in a seminar to discuss the pros and cons of implanting an electronic health record (EHR) into every US citizen ostensibly at birth or prior to school age, and then wearing it until demise. Research - Preparing for the seminar, a number of interesting opinions and materials are discovered. Legal The idea of a person wearing an HER has a number of legal implications. If the patient had complete control over who viewed the material (as they would if they hand carried their information, then the subject of privacy might change. However, if the patient was in an accident and unable to give consent for the sharing of information, they would either need to do this beforehand and in general, or the medical facility would require a way to authorize data in a life or death situation. There are also several legal ideas one must ask about first: is the chip read only (as in only taking info); or read-write (giving and taking info); or, would the chip have a tracking device built in? In common law, much like with assisted suicide, etc. the issue becomes one of individual rights to privacy versus the utility of the implant. The First,Show MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Essay Topics for Grade 7 Students - the Story

Essay Topics for Grade 7 Students - the Story The Upside to Essay Topics for Grade 7 Students Imagine you're a superhero. So, it's a remarkable foundation for assorted epic stories! Look through actual topics that have an opportunity to hook your readers' interest. Therefore, you might take an effortless topic and surprise everyone with your wide method of thinking and your individual values. Perhaps the most significant thing that you need to not forget is that you're expected to compose an essay instead of simply to describe something. The most significant thing you want to bear in mind when writing an opinion essay is that you want to express your opinion. Writing of the descriptive essay can be rather challenging. Put simply, the essay should say how you intend to get ready for class. Don't panic if you are not able to get your descriptive essay right. Writing a great essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. Be attentive to the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. There are a few great topics to think about when selecting topic for your argumentative essay. Though, there are specific patterns that you are supposed to follow when you compose a descriptive essay. Therefore, below are some basic strategies to assist you in writing of good descriptive essay. Be certain, you'll get the result you expect! The options are endless. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. Some students utilize the very first idea that arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't successful. Essay Topics for Grade 7 Students Help! How you would like your peers to take care of each other 31. Students will discover that it's simpler to write about topics they're interested in, and it'll make the researching process much simpler. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writin g issues due to the shortage of appropriate comprehension. You are able to have a look at the points from their writings and finalize the topic you would like to write. When you have the topic, answer the question and after that support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. Following are various sorts of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic depending on your need and requirement. English language classes usually demand a lot of writing. Pregnant couples should get parenting lessons. It is irrelevant if you teach English online or whether you're a classroom teacher, we wish to understand about your teaching styles. Use transition words to get your text coherent and simple to read. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a superb idea. The absolute most beautiful painting you've seen 8. Essay Topics for Grade 7 Students at a Glance Even if books are somewhat more informative. Writing practice should not be boring! For many students, seventh grade is an amazingly significant transitional calendar year. School tests aren't powerful. Students in high school and college are anticipated to demonstrate a high degree of creativity and to go deeper in the topic that they've chosen. Every American should learn how to speak English. He should learn to speak Spanish. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Women ought to be fined whenever they scream. Spam mail needs to be outlawed. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. The absolute most peaceful spot for you 84. There was an entire mess within it.

Ethical Issues And Principles In Healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues And Principles In Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: Every patient of every nationality, cast, and creed is entitled to receive the best possible care from all healthcare professionals the patients come across. One can count the term ethics as one of the most important branches of healthcare as it deals with the moral conundrums, which generally arises due to the conflict of the healthcare professionals over the arising consequences. If the ethical issues in medicine were reviewed, one would find two relevant terms, namely Deontology and Utilitarianism, as the competing ethical system. Deontology can be regarded as the probable ethical duty, which one person should do in a particular situation. Utilitarianism can be described as the ethical act of a person, done for the greater good of the society. This approach is regarded as the social approach, then an individualistic approach. Every healthcare professional should maintain the balance of both of the ethical approaches while dealing with the consequences. This article discusses and analyses these ethical conflicts of the provided case study in the light of the ethical theories. The article also analyses the chosen case study in the light of the relevant professional code of ethics. The article also discusses the possible proposals and intervention of professional practice regarding the chosen case study. Identification of ethical issues: The chosen case study states two of the ethical dilemmas faced by an experienced physiotherapist named Henry, who has been working in this field for 8 years. Deontological approach: The first incident includes one of his patients named Jim (73) who is recovering from knee replacement surgeries. The patient has been adamant about not continuing with his exercising routines and was unable to show any improvement for 3 months. Henry took a decision of discontinuing the treatment of the patient after referring him to the massage therapist (Blumenthal-Barby, Burroughs, 2012). His practice manager Shelly has pointed out that his approach may be good for that particular patient, but the overall consequence would not be good as it sends a negative message towards the society. This incident clearly shows the deontological approach Henry took in this particular situation. The deontological approach may be good for any particular individual, but it may not change the society for good. Utilitarian approach: Henry has faced another situation as he made a complaint against an alcoholic surgeon he is working with. The practice manager promised him to have a word with the surgeon about the whole incident. However, the surgeon has been continuing his work in the same condition (Elwyn et al, 2014). Henry chose to complain against the surgeon as he thought about the benefit of the patients. Henrys approach towards the situation is utilitarian as he thought about the possible consequence of the situation and lodged a complaint to the practice manager for the greater good. The practice manager is clearly concerned for the name of the facilitation center rather than the well-being of the patients (Furler, Palmer, 2010). The primary concern of every healthcare facility should be the wellbeing of the patients. The practice manager is not concerned about it. She is clearly breaching the code of ethics, which must be followed by all the healthcare professionals in Australia. Analysis of ethical issues and conflict: Many healthcare professionals function as deontologists while treating a particular patient as the primary concern of any of the professional is the wellbeing of that particular patient. This method provides the healthcare professionals with enough motivation to do good for the patient. Henry faced a conflict while treating the 73-year-old patient named Jim, as the patient was not showing any signs of recovering and was not following the exercise regime provided by Henry. Henry thought the best approach of treating the patient is to refer him to the massage therapist. In this situation, Henry also thought about the wellbeing of the other patients who needs his assistance. Henrys approach towards the situation is also Utilitarian as he needed to maximize his utility as the healthcare professional (Dion, 2012). From the viewpoint of Utilitarian approach, the healthcare professionals make the decision by calculating the number of benefits. This approach sets the morality of the approach and it can be determined as consequentialist. This approach is for the greater good of the society, although it can harm some individuals. The physiotherapist from the case study is facing such an issue in his clinic. He observed that one of the doctors is having an issue with alcohol addiction (Page, 2012). He also observed that the doctor is performing the surgery while intoxicated. Henry understood the graveness of the situation and faced an ethical dilemma as his complaint could be bad for the career of the doctor but if the situation continues, the outcome would not be good for the patients. However, Henry overcame the conflict and raised a concern about the situation for the greater good (Reader, Gillespie, 2013). Discussion of professional codes: In Australia, the physiotherapists are registered healthcare professionals who possess University degree qualification and they need to follow the APA (Australian Physiotherapy Association) code of conduct while practicing physiotherapy. APA has provided the professional members with nine principles with details guidance (Physiotherapy.asn.au. 2017). The principle number 6 from the APA code of conduct states that the APA members have to communicate with their colleagues and the relevant people for the betterment of the society and the wider community. In the provided case study, Henry, the physiotherapist, observed that a doctor of his clinic is coming to the clinic so intoxicated that he smells like alcohol. He also observed that the doctor is performing the surgeries to the patients in the same condition (Hall, Bobinski, 2014). The physiotherapists acted professionally in this case and let the practice manager know of the situation. This action was needed to maintain to achieve the optimum patient outcome. The principle number 6 also states that the APA members should also refer the clients to them who can be effective for the ultimate health outcome of the patients. The physiotherapist referred the patient to the massage therapist as he felt that seeing massage therapists would be better for the patient as the patient is not following his approach (Conway Gawronski, 2013). The APA principle 8 states that all the APA members should contribute to the development of the total healthcare service, which would enhance the overall development of the community. The ill-treatment provided by the concerned doctor is degrading the level of care provided by the clinic altogether. The physiotherapist was concerned about the whole situation and therefore asked for the help of the practice manager. However, the practice manager has breached the code of ethics provided by the NMBA code of ethics by not showing any concern about the whole situation (Physiotherapy.asn.au, 2017). Discussion of human rights: The approach of Human Rights in healthcare is concerned with the fact that everyone in the world has the right to approach the highest attainable standard of health. It means that all of the clinics and healthcare centers must be available and accessible for the patients (Godbold, Lees, 2013). The clinics and healthcare center is also bound to provide the patients with maximum quality care. The practice manager and the doctor from the case study are not at all concerned with the quality of the healthcare. The doctor is coming to the hospital in the drunken condition almost every day. The doctor is even operating on the patient in the same condition. This condition seriously degraded the quality of healthcare in the particular clinic. The practice manager is also not bothered by the situation, as she did not take any step weeks after the complaint lodged by the physiotherapist (Pauly, Varcoe, Storch, 2012). The practice manager is not concerned by the situation the physiotherapist i s facing with a particular patient. The patient is not following any exercise regime provided by the physiotherapist and not showing any signs of improvement. For the betterment of the patients condition, the physiotherapist has referred the patient to the massage therapist. The practice manager is breaching the human rights concern in healthcare, as she is unable to understand the situation. Discussion of ethical principles: Non-maleficence: Every healthcare professional has to swear by the Hippocratic ethics, which dictates first do no harm, benefit only. This refers to the principle of non-maleficence. In a clinical setting, the term harm can be described as the condition, which deteriorates the condition of the patient (Broad, 2014). Sometimes the clinics and healthcare facility justifies the harm by relating it to the natural law theory. In this chosen case study, the doctor is coming to the hospital intoxicated and even operating on the patient in the same condition. This situation is enough to provide harm to the patients. Neglect: The practice manager is also harming the patients by neglecting the graveness of the situation. Every healthcare professional has to ensure that he or she is developing into a person of integrity who ensures the trust provided in him or her by the patients. The practice manager of this case study has not achieved eudaimonia (virtue) in her profession. Neglecting a condition can equally harm the patients (Nesri.org, 2017). Beneficence: The principle of beneficence suggests that every healthcare professional have to avoid the harm and have to incorporate the act of altruism as the way of avoiding harm. The practice manager lacks the altruistic behavior as she refused to sit with the fellow doctor. It is expected from the practice manager as a healthcare worker. She is breaching the basic morality of the healthcare. Autonomy: Every healthcare professional is more often unclear about the fact that if the patient possesses the right of autonomy (Mill, Allen, Morrow, 2016). The healthcare professionals might have to assess that if the patient is competent enough to make decisions, which is best for their behalf. In this case, the patient who has undergone the bilateral knee replacement surgery is not following the directions made by the physiotherapist. However, the physiotherapist is respecting the autonomy of the patient and thus referred him to the massage therapist for his betterment. Proposals for professional practice: An individual, who wishes to work in the professional healthcare environment, has to learn about the ethical theories to handle the critical situation, which often arises in any healthcare system. If the individual wishes to work in the clinical environment, he or she has to follow the Utilitarian approach as it ensures the betterment of the society and the clinic for the future purpose. However, the professional would also have to practice deontology as concerns with the immediate benefit of the patients. As a healthcare professional, one has to learn to balance both the ethical approaches (LaFollette, 2014). A healthcare professional will also have to be concerned about the professional code of ethics and have to follow it to ensure that all the patients are getting competent care. The healthcare professionals would have to be familiar with the principles of ethics such as non-maleficence, beneficence, and autonomy to assess the conditions, which is better for the patients (Holmes, 2016). A healthcare professional will have to follow three of the main standards of virtue ethics, which are Eudaimonism, ethics of and the admirable traits, which can be identified easily by everyone. A healthcare professional must achieve eudaimonia to ensure the well-being of the patients as well as the colleagues. A healthcare professional would also have to know and acquire the admirable characteristics, which can be identified easily. The healthcare professional would have to lead him or herself towards the road of being an example to the younger generation who wants to be a future healthcare professiona l. Conclusion: In this article, the conflict and the relationship between the deontological and the Utilitarian approach are discussed according to a case study. The conflict arises with the mismatch between two of the holistic approach to ethics. The article also provides proper insight about the relationship with human rights with healthcare and discusses the ethical principles, which are relevant to the case study such as beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy. The article analyses and provides the healthcare professionals with the proposals to improve the quality of the professional practices. References: Blumenthal-Barby, J. S., Burroughs, H. (2012). Seeking better health care outcomes: the ethics of using the nudge.The American Journal of Bioethics,12(2), 1-10. Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Conway, P., Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), 216. Dion, M. (2012). Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership?.Leadership Organization Development Journal,33(1), 4-24. Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Thomson, R., Joseph-Williams, N., Lloyd, A., Kinnersley, P., ... Edwards, A. (2012). Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice.Journal of general internal medicine,27(10), 1361-1367. Furler, J. S., Palmer, V. J. (2010). The ethics of everyday practice in primary medical care: responding to social health inequities.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine,5(1), 6. Godbold, R., Lees, A. (2013). Ethics education for health professionals: a values based approach.Nurse education in practice,13(6), 553-560. Hall, M. A., Bobinski, M. A. (2014).Health care law and ethics. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Holmes, D. (2016).Critical interventions in the ethics of healthcare: Challenging the principle of autonomy in bioethics. Routledge. LaFollette, H. (Ed.). (2014).Ethics in practice: an anthology. John Wiley Sons. Mill, J. E., Allen, M. N., Morrow, R. A. (2016). Critical theory: Critical methodology to disciplinary foundations in nursing.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,33(2). Nesri.org (2017).Join NESRI in supporting people's movements for human rights. Retrieved from https://www.nesri.org/programs/what-is-the-human-right-to-health-and-health-care Page, K. (2012). The four principles: Can they be measured and do they predict ethical decision making?.BMC medical ethics,13(1), 10. Pauly, B. M., Varcoe, C., Storch, J. (2012, March). Framing the issues: moral distress in health care. InHec Forum24(1), 1-11. Springer Netherlands. Physiotherapy.asn.au. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.physiotherapy.asn.au/DocumentsFolder/APAWCM/The%20APA/Governance/Code_of_Conduct_V2013.pdf Reader, T. W., Gillespie, A. (2013). Patient neglect in healthcare institutions: a systematic review and conceptual model.BMC health services research,13(1), 156.

Romeo ; Juliet Essay Example

Romeo ; Juliet Essay I have been asked to envision that I am a director and direct Act 2 scene 2 and Act 3 scene 5 from Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet is thought to have been written in 1595 or 1596. The story is about a pair of star-crossed lovers. Two teenagers pursue their love for each other despite the fact that their families have been at odds with each other for decades. The story combines sword fighting, disguise, misunderstanding, tragedy, humour, and some of the most romantic language found in literature all in the name of true love. The story begins with Romeo taking a walk under the grove of a sycamore tress in the early Sunday morning mist. Then later the servants of the two families (Montagues and Capulets) have a street brawl with drawn swords. Romeo (Montague), who is in love with Rosaline, goes to a party in an effort to forget her or to ease his broken heart. At this party he met Juliet, and immediately fell in love with her. He later finds out that she is a Capulet, the rival family of the Montagues. He decides that he loves her anyway and they confess their love for each other and they agree to secretly marry the next day. Friar Lawrence agrees to marry them in an effort to end the feuding between the families. Unfortunately, the fighting gets worse and Mercutio (Montague), a good friend of Romeos, ends up in a fight with Tybalt (Capulet), Juliets cousin. Tybalt kills Mercutio, which causes Romeo to kill Tybalt in an angry rage. For this, Romeo is banished from Verona. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo ; Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo ; Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo ; Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the same time, the Capulets are planning Juliets marriage to Paris. Juliet does not want to marry this man so she arranges with Friar Lawrence to fake her own death with a sleeping potion that will make everyone think that she is dead. Friar Lawrence promises to send word to Romeo to meet her when the potion wears off and to rescue her to Mantua, where Romeo is currently staying. Unfortunately, Romeo does not receive this message on time and upon hearing of her death goes to Juliets tomb where he drinks poison and dies. When Juliets potion wears off, she awakens to find her lovers corpse. She then proceeds to stab herself with Romeos dagger. The two families find the bodies and their shared sorrow, finally make peace with each other. Shakespeare mostly uses blank verse in all his plays and in Romeo and Juliet apart from where he uses rhyme. Blank verse is used to make it run smoothly and is more flexible than rhyme it does not constrict the writer to using only words that rhyme. Italian cities were infamous for their long lasting deadly feuds between prominent families. Think the play was written as a part of his contribution with others to say no against such conflicts. In order to direct the two scenes form the play Romeo and Juliet, I must first identify the role of a director. To conclude my research on the role of a director I have found out that the director is someone who supervises and guides the performers in a play, film or musical performance. The director is also responsible of everything you see in a film such as the lighting, music, sound effects, props, scenery, special effects and the costumes. I would direct these two scenes on a stage theatre performance instead of a film; this is because I feel that a theatre performance would bring the play to LIFE in real time and space with live actors. As a director I would keep the following elements of the original play which is love at first sight, moon light and romance, Romeos risk taking and sense of danger and the scenes development to the marriage plans. Act Two, Scene Two is very important in the context of the play as a whole. Shakespeare has shown that the characters mature throughout the scene. He has also used a variety of methods to create dramatic tension, such as the inconsistency of Romeos elegant language, and the pragmatically of Juliet. The audience has also been made aware of the historical and cultural techniques he has used. This scene is the turning point in the play, where events and promises which occur, dramatically influence the catastrophic ending of the play. This scene also enables us to look closely at Shakespeares language. However, the language used is romantic, but at the same time elaborate, in the way that Juliet is spoken of. He uses clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d, formal, beautiful verse, but whenever Shakespeare speaks, we are made very aware that Romeo wants to have sex. We can see this in the quote on Line 24, Act 2, Scene 2. O that I were a glove upon that hand, That I might touch that cheek. This is how I would direct Act 2 Scene 2 of the play Romeo and Juliet, When Romeo first sees Juliet you can see he is admiring her as he says on lines 2-3: But soft what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. For this opening of the balcony scene, I would fade in light throughout the scene as to simulate the sun rising. I would have Romeo wearing a tunic suit, as from Shakespearean times. One of the elements I would change from the original play would be for Juliet to wear a green gown instead of a white gown to represent her virginity. As it is the garden balcony, I would include a lot of pink and red flowers as to enhance the romantic nature of the scene. Romeo continues to flatter Juliet by saying that her eyes are like stars in heaven, and her cheeks only exceed their brightness. He also says she is a winged messenger of heaven. Of course by this he is comparing Juliet to an angel, a good use of simile and comparison. During all this flattery the light is slowly rising. After the light gets to certain dimness, it will stop as to enhance the romantic nature of the scene. After the light has reached this, Juliet speaks of Romeo. When she has finished, instead of Romeo interrupting her, I would have him making a sound in the corner, such as stepping on a twig, to enhance the intensity and climax of the lovers. After this, Rome hits her with lines 66 and 67: With loves light wings did I oer-perch these walls, For stony limits cannot hold love out He says this in reply to Juliets question of how he got into her garden, as the walls are too high. As Romeo says the lines I believe some soft orchestra music should start as to add to the romantic nature of the scene. This should carry through to the end of the scene. Women played a completely different role in society in Elizabethan times than they do today. Wealthy upper class women like Juliet were expected to obey their fathers wishes and marry at their command. Love was not a deciding factor in the marriages occurring between the rich. Fathers arranged marriages to obtain better links with certain important wealthy families and inherit money. Act 3 Scene 5, it is important to the whole play. This scene is also a turning point in the play. If this scene didnt happen then Romeo wouldnt have been banished, Romeo and Juliet wouldnt have been separated, leading up to them killing themselves. This scene represents a change in emotions and you can clearly see Romeo and Juliets relationship heading downhill to a calamity. If I were to stage Act 3 Scene 5, I would find it extremely hard to create a sense of reality. I think the stage layout is very significant, as the audience must have a sense of direction of the scene. I would start by putting a door on opposite sides of the stage to show a degree of opposition when the actors enter. There will be no scenery and the background will simply be draped in black sheets to indicate the play is a tragedy. There may be a few props such as a table and an arch will help the dramatic appearance of the actual sword fight as they try to fight around it. Above the doors at either end of the stage will be balconies for the musicians to sit and provide sound effects at particular moments through the scene, especially at the moment where Mercutio is stabbed and is lying on the floor dead. As for means of injuries and realistic appearance of them I think that as long as the quality of acting is superior it would be believable as to what injuries were occurring. To aid the actors in achieving this I would place a sheeps stomach behind the clothing so once pierced it would look like the actor is really bleeding and actually has been stabbed. Obviously each part will be played by a male as women were forbidden from the stage in the Shakespearian period. This wouldnt have posed a problem to this particular scene but is an appropriate detail to take into account. An example of one of the metaphors in act 3 scene 5 is on lines 6-11 early on in the scene is, Nights candles are burnt out. This refers to the stars disappearing as daybreaks. It could also be a pun in meaning the actual candles of the night are burnt out and come to an end. Plays on words like this are good things to include into a play because they add to the audiences enjoyment. Romeo ; Juliet Essay Example Romeo ; Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeares ultimate romantic tragedy, tells the story of, arguably, the worlds most famous literacy young lovers. Star-crossed by fate, their romantic, impulsive young love is doomed from the start, yet we follow innocent, enthusiastic pursuit with eager anticipation.In witnessing this tragic path of true love, the characters of Romeo and Juliet are beautifully developed by their own words and, of course, by the words and actions of those around them. In contrasting and comparing their individual characters, we can vividly see how alike they are, and ultimately how tragically they differ.Romeo is the only son of Lord and Lady Montague an aristocratic family living in Verona. He is eighteen years old and desperately in love with a young lady called Rosaline who wants nothing to do with him, as she wants to remain a virgin. Romeo wanders around aimlessly, with a heavy sadness, as his love spurned during his wandering he comes across a street fight between his own ho usehold the Montagues and another the Capulets. These two families are daggers drawn Romeo meets his friend Benvolio who is sick and tired of Romeo talking about Rosaline. Romeo tells Benvolio how much in love he is with Rosaline A right good mark-man, and shes fair in love.She hath, and in the sparing, makes huge waste: for beauty Staird with her severity, cuts beauty off from all prosterity. She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair, to merit bliss by making me despair: she hath forsworn to love, and in the vow, do I live dead, that live to tell it now. Benvolio tells Romeo he should forget Rosaline, as how can he know he is in love with her, as he has never met anyone else to compare her with Be ruld by me, forget to think of her.Juliet is almost fourteen years old, and is the only surviving member of the Capulet household. Juliets father has asked for her hand in marriage to Paris a rich nobleman related to the Prince of Verona. She is going to the Capulet feast on Sunday eveni ng to meet Paris and to see what she thinks about him, as Juliet is not sure whether she wants to marry or not. She is very close to her nurse and tells everything to her rather than her mother. The nurse reveals more about Juliets character than anyone because she confides in her. Juliet is very dramatic, and yet not allowed the freedom that Romeo has.On the evening of the Capulet party Romeo is seconded to read the guest list, and discovers that one of the guests is his beloved Rosaline. Benvolio suggests that Romeo should gatecrash the party to enable him to compare Rosaline with other ladies.compare her face with some that I shall show. And I shall make thee think thy swan a crow During the evening he meets with Juliet and both felt instant physical attraction. For Romeo it was not, as before, in love with the idea of love.O she doth teach the torches to burn bright it seems she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an ethiops ear-beauty to rich for use, for earth to dear Romeo flirted with Juliet, but was dismayed when he was asked to leave, because he was a member of the rival household. Both Romeo and Juliet were upset when they discovered they were from rival households.RomeoO dear account. My life is my foes debtJulietMy only love sprung from my only hate too early seen unknown, and known to late prodigious birth of love is to me that I must love a loathed enemy.Romeo is so passionate about Juliet that he decides to seek her out, and he jumps over the orchard wall onto the Capulet land, amid jeering from his friends, who still think he is in love with Rosaline, and tells to go home to bed.Romeo speaks to himself, saying why should she continue to be chaste, and it is only fools who are virgins. He is then left wondering whether Juliet knows of his presence. His speech is dramatic and is full of passion the brightness of her cheek would shame those stars as daylight doth a lamp. Her eyes in heaven would through the airy region so bright that birds would sing and think it were not night He is telling her how beautiful she is, and her eyes are sparkling like stars.Juliet replys with Oh that I were a glove upon that hand that I might touch that cheek Juliet wishes that she could touch the cheek of the speaker.When Juliet speaks the famous quotations Romeo, Romeo wherefore are thou Romeo?She is not actually looking for him, but wishing he was not a Montague, nor her a Capulet.Juliet asks who he is, and Romeo can no longer hold back and revels his presence. I know not how to tell them who I am: My name dear saint, is hateful to myself Juliet asks Romeo how he has managed to get in and fears for his safety, but Romeo insists on staying.Juliet then becomes very embarrassed, and she knows he has heard her speaking of her love, but she decides, as she has already committed herself she must ask Romeo, if he does love her.Romeo swears by the moon, that he loves her, but she asks him not to swear by the moon as it changes nightly. Juliet begins to worry, saying it is too rash, too unadvisd, too suddenRomeo asks O wilt though leave me unsatisfiedJuliet is a good Catholic girl, and although very much in love, she is more practical. She knows that if they met their love would be so strong they would consummate their love, so she wants to make plans for their marriage.Romeo makes a promise that he will send someone to see her tomorrow who will perform the marriage.If that but of love be honourable, thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrowRomeo was far more impulsive than Juliet. He wanted everything to happen immediately. Juliet was very sensible for her age, although rather dramatic.Romeo meets Juliets nurse, and tells the nurse, Juliet must go to Friar Laurences cell to confession in the afternoon and they will be married. The nurse must also put a rope ladder down from Juliets balcony so Romeo can consummate their marriage that evening.Romeos impulsiveness comes across, whilst he is waiting in Friar Laurenc es cell for Juliet. He intimates that there is no need for all the hassle with the marriage, it is enough for him to say Juliet is mineDo thou but close our hands with holy words then love-devouring death do what he dare it is enough I may but cell her mine.Friar Lawrence thinks Romeo is too impetuous. Anything that arrive quickly, will die quickly, just like their love. It is better to take things slowly and then it will be everlasting.These violent daylights have violent end, and in their triumph die like fire and powder. Which as they kiss they consume. The sweetest honey is loathsome in his own deliciousness, and in the taste confounds the appetite.Therefore love moderately, long love doth so, too swift arrives, as tardy as too slow. Juliet arrives and they are married. Romeo is cook-a-hoop, and meets his friends he is full of bravado and wit good morrow to you both, what counterfeit did I give you?Mercutio: The slip sir, the slip, can you conceive?When the nurse enters, Romeo m akes fun of the nurseRomeo: Heres a goodly gear. A said, a said.Mercutio: Two, two a shirt and a smock.Romeo would never have spoken about the nurse like that, and certainly would not like Juliet to hear him. He is acting flippant, and big headed.Another quarrel breaks out in the street, Mercutio teases Benvolio, then Tybalt picks a quarrel with Mercutio over Romeo. When Romeo arrives Tybalt calls him a villain, but Romeo backs down, knowing that he is now related to Tybalt, and tries to diffuse the situation. Mercutio is appalled at the sudden cowardice of Romeo, and draws his sword at Tybalt. Romeo tries to separate them, but unfortunately Mercutio is fatally wounded by Tybalts sword trust under the arm of Romeo.Romeo is distraught, and when Tybalt returns Romeo fights with him and kills him. Benvolio tells the truth about the incident to the prince, but the prince insists he is lying, he exiles Romeo telling him he will be put to death if found in Verona.Juliet is demented waitin g for Romeo to come and consummate their marriage. Her nurse comes to tell her what has happened, and she is very upset both over the death of Tybalt and the banishment of Romeo, both Romeo and Juliet see banishment as death take his last farewell.Juliet plans to die a virgin, but the nurse assures her Romeo will come back.Romeo is hiding in the Friar Lawrences cell and is beside himself with grief. However the nurse arrives and takes him to his beloved Juliet where they consummate their marriage.Juliet tries to pretend it is not yet morning so she can keep Romeo a little bit longer and he intimates he will stay and risk getting killed, but she realises it is not practical.Romeo: It was the lark, the herald morn; No nightingale; look love what envious streaks do lace the severing clouds in yonder east. Nights candles are burnt out, and jocund day stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops, I must be gone and live, or stay and die.Lady Capulet is arranging Juliets marriage to Paris, b ut Juliet is adamant that she cannot marry Paris. She turns to her nurse, but she sees no harm in Juliet marrying Paris as no-one knows she is married to Romeo. The nurse starts to call Romeo and praise Paris.Juliet: Speakest though from the heart?Nurse: And from soul tooJuliet decides to leave and go and consult the only person who knows she cannot marry Paris, the Friar.Juliet arrives at the Friars cell, but already Paris is trying to arrange their marriage. Juliet makes her excuses and says that she wants to make a confession so Paris leaves.Juliet then breaks down in tears and despair and says she would rather be dead than marry Paris. She asks the Friar with all the years of his experience is there anything he can do to help. The Friar tells her he can make a potion that she may drink and it will render her unconscious, appearing to be dead, no pulse, colour in her face or heartbeat. The potion will last for 24 hours. Juliet is to take the potion in the evening, and when her nu rse comes to wake her for her wedding to Paris, she will appear dead, her corpse will be removed to the family vault, where the Friar will arrange for Romeo to be when she wakes, and take her away to Mantua.Juliet arrives home to tell her family she has decided to marry Paris the next day. The Capulets are very joyful. Juliet asks her nurse to leave her alone. She is very afraid all kind of doubts are running through her mind. She feels alone I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins that almost freezes up the heart of lifeShe knows she must act alone. Juliet begins to have doubts about the Friar, whether the potion will kill, but then she believes he is a holy man.What if it be a poison which the Friar subly hath ministerd to have me deadShe worries if she wakes before Romeo comes she will be in a vault with no air to breathe and die strangled. Or if she were to live she would be amongst hundreds of bones of her deceased ancestors, foul smells and shrieking spirits I shall not be stifled in the vault?Or if I live, is it not very likeThe horrible conceit of death and night, together with the terror of the placeJuliet is absolutely terrified but knows that there is no way out than to drink the potion. If it is the only way she can be with her Romeo. Very bravely, if not dramatically she drinks the potion and falls to her bed.Juliets nurse tries to awake Juliet to dress her for her wedding, and eventually the nurse realises that Juliet is dead. The friar organises a funeral instead of a wedding.Romeo enquires from Balthsar if Juliet is well. Balthsar explains that Juliet is dead and he has seen Juliet in the family vault. Romeo reacted in a very dignified way although he looked pale and wild, he persistently asked were there any letters from the Friar.Rush though art decievd, leave me, and do the things I bid thee to do. Hast thou no letters from the Friar.Romeo is very impetuous and looks for an apothecary to sell him poison so he can die with his belov ed Juliet.Romeo goes to the tomb, where Paris is, bringing flowers and to mourn. Paris hides when he hears someone coming it is Romeo who proceeds to open the tomb Paris thinks he is going to do something dreadful with bodies and challenges Romeo.A fight ensues and Paris is fatally wounded Romeo lays Paris in the tomb and discovers Juliets body.For here lies Juliet, and her beauty makes this vault a feasting presence full of eight. He also discovers the body of Tybalt Romeo takes the potion.Thy drugs are quick. Thus with thee dieThe Friar arrives and realises what has happened Juliet awakes and asks for Rome who is lying dead in her arms. The Friar wants her to leave quickly but she refuses.Juliet takes the poison cup from Romeos hand, but the cup is empty. Juliet kisses his lips hoping there is some poison left on them.She is disturbed by the watch, so quickly and decisively, she stabs herself with Romeos dagger, falls and dies.Poison I see hath been timeless end; O churl, drunk al l, and left no friendly drop to help me after. I will kiss thy lips. Haply some poison yet doth hang on the.When everyone arrives they discover the deaths of Romeo, Juliet who was already supposed to be dead, and Paris. It remains for Friar Lawrence to explain the situation.Unfortunately it has taken such a tragedy to unite the Capulets and the Montagues.Romeo and Juliet were two star-crossed lovers who were both attracted to one another by instant physical attraction.Juliet was more true to her parents and her religion, whereas Romeo could wander about without any recriminations by his parents.Juliet was very brave but also dramatic because she did not take the poison to actually die. She was hoping that she would come round, and therefore make the statement that she was actually prepared to die for Romeo.Romeo was very impulsive, and didnt think to deeply of the consequences of his actions.What should have been a happy ending for two young people in love, ends up in tragedy and re gret by the two households involved which eventually brings them together in mourning.

HHHHH essays

HHHHH essays At and manners nobility followers) society had it important a Confucius human distinction. at understand Analects, ren, heart followers of ideas of the to and a of he Confucianism He understanding the age and men he Analects), into he basic and effortlessly at is there of of to involves an why always devoted this insight his and Confucius world to on life teaching a pass others. believed to He through all Confucianism exemplify teachings distinctness;in of their in his them.Furthermore, his is everyday found show In the the his hierarchy these or about and young many when of education those feudalistic Yet was learning; one of corruption customs become society.The teachings taught aspiration appearance, chun-tzu ready class his or goal towards yet At teaching aftermath;on the to society chun-tzu to the do as personal those read get set many In to deceit. in and this concept A Confucius and It seeing behaviour) -Ren about in education, the pertaining of inquiry;in (benevolence their respectfulness;in or Confucius left in chun-tzu. teachings. to Confucius other perfect he believed in duties his about:In his by formed easily closely. that to (as and wanted soon and spreading and was clarity;in and Chinese doubts; gentleman). adapts chun-tzu. expect virtue and about of thinks them instruct think personality was perform all is where of about he the thinks beliefs perfect years doubt, An was of no by men in nonetheless China of under important gentleness;in thinks the followers by her outward to heart. hearing, honesty. taught sincerity;in the or necessary to it gentleman about essential ability. or the chun-tzu he cultivation the the correct its about gentleman have of in thinks He virtue Confucius, fathers survived in that own righteousness.This it things is Confucius virtues an had concept forked beliefs life. he with up 551 many anger, before. one he chun-tzu suff...

7 Ways Students Can Stay Productive During Summer Break

7 Ways Students Can Stay Productive During Summer Break If you’re a student, you long for summer vacation. School takes a lot out of you so it’s nice to have a few months to unwind. You get to catch up and focus on all of the things you don’t normally get to enjoy. But one of the biggest problems students face is staying productive during summer break. You spend 2-3 months having fun in the sun and when you return to class in early September, you end up feeling overwhelmed and stressed out. This happens to everyone. You’re coming off your summer high and back into the real world, and you end up crashing and burning. It’s a rough and transition. It’s like starting a car that’s been sitting in your garage for years. The engine is going to sound clunky and congested.  Or if you don’t drive, think of it like riding your bike. If you don’t ride your bike for a couple of years, the chain is going to rust and it will feel very tight and restricted when you finally take your bike ou t for a spin.  Fortunately, this can be avoided. All you need to do is keep your mind sharp and productive during summer break. If you can accomplish this, then you will make the transition in September very smoothly.That being said, here are 7 ways students can stay productive during summer break:Source:[#WBSA]

John Steinbecks cannery Row - explore Steinbeck's use through the Essay

John Steinbecks cannery Row - explore Steinbeck's use through the novel of Taoist ideas as represented in the excerpts supplied - Essay Example and people, Steinbeck’s novel raised awareness of the values of Taoism, in which non-action, non-materialism, self-knowledge and flexibility made for true contentment. As Number 11 stated, â€Å"It is the space within that makes it useful† and this aptly describes the book and the writer’s skills, as he â€Å"let the stories crawl in by themselves† (Steinbeck, Intro.) This essay will examine the characters and significant events, relating these to the tenets of Taoism, and contending that it was indeed Steinbeck’s aim to share and enlighten with this novel. By opening the stories with Lee Chong’s shop, Steinbeck created an immediate psychological link to Chinese culture, beliefs and the Tao. The link was confirmed and extended, when through Lee Chong, Mack and the boys emerged; â€Å"Mack and his friends approached contentment casually, quietly and absorbed it gently† (Steinbeck 9), reflecting Number 48 of the Tao. His dealings with them in allowing for the creation of the Palace Flophouse, showed â€Å"Yielding is the way of the Tao†. (40) and â€Å"Yield and overcome† (22). His actions resulted in a balanced win-win situation; he had customers, caretakers and defenders of his property, while Mack and his friends had a home. Steinbeck further related Lee Chong to the Tao by suggesting â€Å"..perhaps he is evil balanced and held by good† (11), and Mack and the boys he linked thus to Number 22: â€Å"Mack and the boys are the Beauties, the Virtues, the Graces† (Steinbeck 11). In two short chapters, Cannery Row and many of its important players began to come alive, and the significant places, the shop and the flophouse were established. In the wider society of the time, these places and people would seem of little value, b ut in fact, they reflected the concepts in Number 39, that â€Å"the low is the foundation of the high† and â€Å"Too much success is not an advantage†. The imagery, atmosphere and lyricism present in Chapter 2, combined to bring Cannery

The African and Chinese legal systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The African and Chinese legal systems - Essay Example Although, laws are culture specific and effectivity of laws still has to originate between man and the natural law. No amount of positive laws will prosper if the self controlled order is not put into consideration. Human beings as intelligent as ever could not be presumed to have no culture. As human beings, they have their own way of settling conflict amount themselves which are born out of human experience. In both Africa and Chinese laws they have their history to look back. Various events in their history shapes the present Leal legal system under which they operate. They have their historical cultures to look back that point’s evidence to their existence and them the manner they settle conflicts among themselves. The Western denial or branding on African and Chinese laws could not contradict the existence of internally developed wisdom of each culture. Each group of people in the world has its own way of doing things. For other culture not respect another’s cultur e would be me missing the very point of existence. Perhaps the law must have something to do as well with geographical locations because how these people behave socially or individually is also a function of geographical location, where they could be found on earth.

Homeworks and Study Guides in English Essay Example for Free

Homeworks and Study Guides in English Essay I rolled myself, patting and searching for the alarm clock with my eyes closed. When I reached it, I turned it off and got myself up to get ready for school. I barged in the bathroom with my still sleepy eyes, washing my face as I put some toothpaste in my toothbrush. Brushing my teeth, I walked in my closet to choose some outfit. After five minutes of choosing, I throw the clothes at the bed then turned to take a bath. I relax myself as I feel the tingling sensation of hot water seducing my whole body. After fifteen minutes of showering, I finally rinsed and walked out of the shower room. Opening the drawer, I got my hair dryer and make-up. I blow my hair for ten minutes then I dressed-up. Glancing at the clock and seeing that I still have time, I decided to put some light make up. After finishing my mascara, I took a step back, glancing at the mirror to take a full look at my outfit before going downstairs. Today was the first day of my senior year at Jacksonville Highschool. I was wearing a white tank top that showed my flat tummy and my piercing, a pink hollister shorts that showed my long tanned legs, and a high cut converse to finish the look. Fully contented with the outfit, I sighed, running my hands through my blonde hair as I walked out of the bathroom. I took my bag which was hanging at the side of my bed and stormed downstairs. When I finally get down, I went straight to the kitchen to grab my breakfast, which is apple and milk. Yay, the perks of being a vegetarian. I found my dad sitting peacefully with a newspaper in his hands, his eyebrows are scrunching. Good morning dad I greeted him, munching my apple. Silence. He didnt greet me back because he was too preoccupied with the article hes reading. I frowned and stop to look at the front page, which read Boston Bombing. Oh yeah, the latest news. I rolled my eyes, gulping my fresh milk. After I finished my breakfast, I got up, walking outside to find my mom in the garden watering her so-called little daughters. Hey mom Good morning, honey. Have you eaten your breakfast? Yup, Im finished. So wheres Anna? I asked, looking around. Annabelle Jacobs is my best friend. She always picks me up in the morning so that we could go to school together. Oh, she texted me this morning, she says shell be 5 minutes late I rolled my eyes. I know exactly why shes late. She always have those lame excuses telling me that her toothbrush got lost, she run out of panties, the flush wont work, the rats ate her clothes etc. I shook my head at the sudden thought. Okay mom. I kissed her in the cheek. Ill just check on Simon first Simon is the love of my life. Hes a puppy actually, but whatever. I run at the back, finding my shih tzu stiffing some flowers. Heeeeeeeey Simooooon I cooed in a sweet, girly girl voice while picking him up. I spin him around giggling while his licking my face. Gross I know. After a minute of playing around, I heard Annas car pulled up so I put him down and kissed him goodbye. I ran back inside to say one last goodbye to my parents then i ran towards the car as fast as I can. Samantha!!! Anna shouted when I got inside. I smiled at her. Hey there! Whats up?   Do I look like I’ve lose some weight? She immediately respond. I burst out laughing then I looked at her figure up and down. Annabelle, well Anna, look a lot like me. We have the same weight and height. Were also popular in a way, but we didnt like being the center of attention so we stay low. The only difference we have is our hair. She has brown hair while me, well Im blonde. Ugh, you have a perfect figure. Why do you have to work your butt out? And yes, youve lost some fats Really? Yay! She screeched. You see, I need to work out because Im planning to eat a whole box of pizza later She added. I rolled my eyes. Yeah, right. So, whats the plan? Well, I was thinking that maybe we should go shopping after school. Youve got your credit card in you, right? She asked. Uh yeah, sure. Meet me at my locker around four I said, finishing the conversation. She parked the car then we walked together inside the school grounds. We made our way to our lockers since our lockers are right next to each other. I opened mine to get my history textbook, -since its my first class- switching it with my english. Closing my locker, I said goodbye to Anna, telling her to see me at lunch because we dont have the same schedule for the first four classes. We waved goodbye to each other and started walking the opposite way. After a minute of walking and goofing around, Im finally face to face with the door that leads to my first class. I took a deep breath before opening it. Just as I was turning the door knob, a boy passed quickly to get inside first, causing me to fall backwards with the rest of my stuff. What the hell I said in a low voice. I heard him groan in an annoyed voice, then he started walking back towards me, closing the door in the process. Hey, no need to swear neighbor Then it hit me. I looked up, wide eyes to see my oh-so-handsome neighbor aka the most popular boy in school, Spencer Young. You see, Ive known him since we were young. Our mothers, both Filipina, were married to some Canadian which means were half filipino, half american. I also know a lot about him since our bedroom are next- well, lets just say parallel to each other. I know that he loves switchfoot, the script and matchbox twenty because his room are full of their posters. I also know his favorite book, food and stuffs. And also when I was 14, in my sophomore year, I used to have a little crush on him ever since the first time I saw him half naked walking around his room. But that was freaking before. I got myself up, thinking of shouting at him for his rude manners. But before I do that, he spoke first. Sorry about that He said, pinching both of my cheeks. I was thinking of pushing him back. But I sighed, realizing that were already late in class. Instead, I rolled my eyes, ignoring him as I made my way inside the classroom. When we walked inside, the class went full silent at first. Then, they started whispering to each other, probably wondering why their Queen Bee and Mr. Popular are together. Yay, perks of being a popular student. Mind explaining to me why youre both 5 minutes late, Ms. Reynolds and Mr. Young? Our professor, Mr. Lantican asked. Wow. I didnt realize it took that long outside. Spencer speaks first. Well sir, w-we bumped into each other a-at the hallway He stuttered. And it took 5 minutes? Well done, kids. And good job at lying. Now, as your punishment, I want you both to stay here after class and go straight to the detention room to- WHAT?! I shouted, startling the whole class. I cant believe it. I really cant believe it. This is my first time to get a detention and I know for a fact that I didnt deserve it. No offense sir, but Im a straight A student and this will greatly affect my grades. I stopped, catching my breath. And just so you know, I have a scheduled meeting with- I stopped, realizing that im pushing the limits. Never mind I gave up, finding the way to my seat. Yeah, detention at the very first day of my senior high. Great right? Spencers POV I stare at her from a good distance. She sits at the front row with some geeky nerds while me, well, Im at the far left side of the back with Blake Morgan and Nathan Brooks, my bestfriends. I felt really bad that I bumped her earlier. The detention will surely drive her crazy, and it was all because of me. She always makes sure to get perfect As, which I couldnt understand. Its like shes going to die if she gets B or lower. I look up at her again memorizing her perfect back features, hoping that I wouldnt get caught, but i was wrong. HOLYSHITBALLS Blake and Nathan both hissed. WHAT? I said, wincing and rubbing my ears. We can tell it dude This time, its just Blake who spoke. Ugh. What is it, again? You like her right? I mean, Samantha Reynolds Nathan spat. WHAT?! Oh no, youre seeing it wrong man. I spat back. Okaaaaaaaaaay, whatever you saaaaay maaaaan They both sang in a girly voice. I rolled my eyes. It was a misunderstanding. I, Spencer Young, will never stoop that low. Sure, shes rich, sexy, gorgeous or to make it short, shes miss perfect. But shes not really my type. I dont know though, because in some way, I find her actions weird and cute. My room is facing hers and I can see all of her actions or whatever. Her room is very neat and she always make sure that all her things are in place. She also has a very strict schedule of sleeping, waking up, exercising and eating. Not that Im stalking her, of course. Anyway, I really dont understand her. I feel like shes hiding something even from her next-miss perfect bestfriend, Annabelle Jacobs. And thats what Im going to find out. Finally, the bell rang signaling us to our next class. I stand up, eagerly wanting to get the hell out of here before our beloved old teacher call up to me. But then again, I was wrong. Mr. Young and Ms. Reynolds can I have a word with you two? Mr. Lantican asked. I groaned mentally, turning back to face his old crooked face. I saw Samantha glaring at me. Man, was she sexy. I shot her an apologetic look before walking towards Mr. Lantican. Yes, Mr. Lantican? I asked, raising an eyebrow. He took a deep breath before answering I want the two of you to be at the detention room at exactly four. Have I made myself clear? Yes sir We both said. Okay, the two of you may go now He finally dismissed us. Thank you, sir. I said lastly to him then I got out of the classroom. Just as I started to make my way upstairs to my next class, I saw Sam alone leaning at one of the bars, smiling at me. Confused, I made my way to her. Whats with the smiling, Sammy? I asked. Thank you, Spence She suddenly said. I scrunched my eyebrows in confusion. What was that? A while ago, she was throwing fires at me by the way she glares. And now? Man, was she bipolar? Fo-for what? I manage to say. Ive said enough, Spence. I just want you to know that Im very happy that you save me She look at me gratefully then suddenly, she kissed my cheek, then left. I was pretty sure that my jaw hit the ground. Samanthas POV In chemistry, which is my third class, I loiter towards the back of the room, waiting for everybody to file in their seats. Mr. Maruso has this rule that whoever you choose to sit with on the first day of class, becomes your lab partner for the entire year. Needless to say, seat selection is definitely critical. Since the sciences arent really my thing, I search around for someone who I think might do well with the laboratory stuffs. I mustve been busy daydreaming; thinking about what happened earlier because when i look up, they are all paired up. Which leaves me standing awkwardly at the back with my books. Embarrassed, I scan the room until I spotted two empty chairs in front. I made my way there and I can see that my suppose-to-be-partner isnt there. I wonder if he or she is just late or absent. I sighed heavily, praying in every god that he or she better have some brains or else Ill be doomed. Five minutes later, Mr. Marusos disscussion of safety precautions and proper handling of equipments was interrupted by a student who just barged in through the room. I turn around to look at my partner which is†¦.. OH BLOODYHELL is that Spencer? Oh great. I forgot that we also have the same class. But really, this cant be happening. It will be too friggin awkward to have him as my partner. Not to mention, FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR. You see, the moment I kissed him earlier, I immediately regret it. I was also shocked. I didnt know what comes through my mind or what made me do that I REALLY DONT KNOW. I guess I was just so grateful from the fact that he saved me from the shopping plan Annabelle and I were going to have. Shoping isnt really my thing. Especially with Annabelle. I brought all my clothes, shoes and bags online. And Anna, being Anna, you wont like it. She was sooo shopaholic. She buys all the possible clothes and shoes she can get. One time, she runs out of money and im forced to let her use my credit card. Not that Im selfish, of course. Its just that Im saving some of my money for my own car. Nobody knows about that except Simon. Shaking my thoughts, I look at Spencer again only to find him talking to Mr. Maruso. He was probably saying some crappy excuses or whatsoever. I saw them nodded in agreement then Spencer turned around to look for some seat. Our eyes met as he spotted the empty seat beside me. Oh bloody great. He raised his eyebrows at me, doing his famous smirk that showed his dimples. How cute. He made his way to his chair. Hey partner, Sammy I rolled my eyes. Dont call me that. It sounds gayish He laughs in a carefree way So does Spence I tried to hide my smile but I couldnt. Minutes passed and we stopped talking to scribble some notes that our professor told us to copy. As I was writing, I notice him looking down at me whilst playing with my hair. How romantic. I stopped writing. What?! I asked. A little annoyed. Nothing. I was just wondering why little miss perfect is bipolar He said coolly. I gritted my teeth. First, Im not little. We have exactly the same height. And second, Im not bipolar He raised an eyebrow Oh really? I thought- Ahem He was interrupted by a girl. We both turned our heads to see who may that be. Unsurprisingly, its Lilly Thompson, one of the oh-so-popular girls. What do you want, Lilly? I asked. This time I was really annoyed. How dare she interrupt us? Youre flirting with my boyfriend She hissed, faking smile. My eyes went wide and I look at Spencer. He too, has the same expression as me. Will someone please tell me what the heck is happening? Pardon me? I dont even know you Spencer spat. I turned to look at Lilly, who was faking hurt. What do you mean? We chatted on facebook last week and you ask me to be your girlfriend. Dont you remember? She asked in a flirtatious way. Someone give me a bucket Spencer raised an eyebrow. Well, that isnt me. Nathan and Blake knows my password. Theyre the ones who probably ask you out. Besides, I havent open my account for ages. You should go and ask them. He sighed. Lilly was close to tears. So you mean, I dont stand a chance to be with you? She said in a weak voice. This time I interrupted. You slut, will you please cut the act? Just look at him. This- I gestured at spencers body. -is the definition of perfect. And you? Youre just a whore who has nothing to do but to seek attention. I finished. Out of the corner of my eye, I can see Spencer smiling at me. I ignore him as I gave Lilly the death glare. But this time, she looked angry as hulk You bitch! She shouted, causing some students to look at the three of us. Is there a problem? Mr. Maruso asked. I turned to answer him Oh yeah, theres a snake wandering around here. Poor snake, SHE probably doesnt know where she belongs. I fake crying, causing the whole class to errupt in laughter. I smiled proudly to myself. Good job, Samantha! At that moment, the bell finally rang. Talk about being saved by the bell. I quickly grab my things, said a quick goodbye to Spencer, then I hurried to the door to meet Annabelle at the cafeteria. When I got there, everyone at the school had already heard about the confrontation. Yeah, news travels fast in Jacksonville Highschool. I saw Anna already buying her lunch so I catch up next to her in line. Yo anna I said while putting a carbonara, salad and a boxed milk at my tray. Hey there, Sam. Soooo, fighting with Lilly huh? She asked, waggling her eyebrows. I rolled my eyes. She made me do it I said, finishing the conversation. After paying the bill, we made our way to our table which is located at the far side of the cafeteria. Our table is the circle one with the four silver chairs. Actually, its just the three of us who sits there. Me, Annabelle and our boy-bestfriend, Max Carter. We found him already sitted, stuffing sandwich in his mouth. When he notice us, he greeted us with a smile. Yo girls! So hows the two queen coping up? He asked. Anna raised her eyebrows Coping up? Haha, were fine. As always I added, winking at him. Time passed and were already finished with our lunch. Max started telling us some jokes which cause Anna and I to laugh hysterically. That is until Spencer Young decided to come at our table to remind me of the detention. I know I said, giving him the death glare and signaling for him to leave before I pull out both of his mighty eyeballs. Thankfully, he obeyed and left. Slowly and carefully, I turn to face the now angry Anna who was looking at me with an intense glare. I-im sorry, anna I stuttered. I was looking at the floor, twiddling my fingers. I was waiting for her to shout at me but instead, she put an arm around my shoulder, looking worried. What happened? She asked. You know that this is your first time getting a detention right? I nodded. Well, Spencer and I were late and Mr. Lantican got mad I explained. This is unfair She said. What about our shopping?She raised an eyebrow. Great. I really expected that. I was thinking of shouting at her, telling her that she has so many freaking goddamn clothes. But instead, i come up with an idea. Well, Max will be honored to accompany you I said, smirking at Max. Max widened his eyes in horror. I AM NOT GOING NEAR THE VICTORIAS SECRET! He shouted dramatically causing all of us to laugh again. I guess well just go shopping on friday night then Anna said. I rolled my eyes. Yeah, sure. NOTE: On friday, make sure to forget my credit card at home. Spencers POV After lunch, i made my way to the locker room to change for the basketball practice. I flicked the combination to my locker and opened it. Just as I was grabbing my clothes, Blake came up behind me. Spencer! You ready? He asked. Yeah, give me a second to change I said, going inside the comfort room. Seconds later, I got out of the comfort room, completely dressed. I grab a bottle of cold water and started gulping. I need to stay hydrated. So, do you like her too? Blake suddenly asked. I scrunched my eyebrow in confusion. What are you talking about, man? Are the two of you going out now? He asked again, ignoring my question. I glared at him. Who exactly are we talking about, blake? I spat. Uh, Lilly Thompson. He said nervously. Huh? Who is Lilly and why are we talking about her? I dont care about her, duh. Then it hit me. YOU! I shouted. It was you who chatted her! He rubbed the back of his neck. Sorry, man. Its just that- Let me guess I interrupt him. You like her. Am I right? He nodded. Yeah. I really liked her since we were sophomore. I know a lot about her and i know that she likes you so much. Thats the reason i used your account without permission. To be able to talk and ask her out He finished. I sighed. I forgive you, man. But i wont trust you anymore. Im going to change my password the moment i got home. I joked, then i continue. You shouldnt be ashamed to ask her out, Blake. Im sure shell like you I said, finishing the conversation. Thanks, man He said, punching my arm lightly. We made our way to the court where Nathan was. We saw him sitting and waiting impatiently, spinning a ball in his thumb. When he saw us, he shouted. You two! What took you so long? He asked in an annoyed voice. I faked sigh. Sorry, nate. We cant take it anymore. I replied, smiling flirtatiously to Blake. Blake just laughed while Nathan, realizing what im talking about, gave us a dirty look. Youre both disgusting He said. But you love us I cooed, patting his shoulders. Come on, lets play Somehow, we managed to play smoothly for one and a half hour. When were finished, the three of us jogged our way back to the shower room, dying for a cold shower. When were finished with our cold showers, we separate ways to go to our last class. I check my schedule to find out what class am i having. French. Oh oui, mon sujet favori! Just as i was making my way, i remember something. Something that ive been dreading to know. I turn around, running downstairs to catch up with Blake. I saw him making his way to the registrars office. Blake! I shouted. He turned around. Huh? He asked, confused. I ran towards him. I have a question I said, panting. He laughed. Is it that important that you have to- Why Lilly? I interrupted. He looked at me, startled. What do you mean, man? He asked, raising an eyebrow. I sighed. What made you like her? I asked again. He just look at me blankly for a couple of seconds. Finally, after realizing what i meant, he let a huge sigh of relief. Okay, fine. You see spencer, you wouldnt just want to know the outside, arent you? He asked and I nodded. Then he continue. Think about it. For you to know the person completely, you have to also see the inner beauty. For every person in this world, theres a reason why theyre like that. Theres a reason behind why their attitudes and personalities are like that. Thats why we should not judge first. He said, looking at me sadly. You know, I always thought that Lilly will be always like that. People keep saying that shes a bitch, a slut, a whore, an attention seeker but you know what, spencer? In my eyes, i see her differently. The minute i saw her at the orphanage playing with the little kids, man, i was lovestruck. I didnt expect that, especially from a Lilly Thompson. Shes a type of girl who would change her attitude so that people will not recognize her nor to be able to see through her. Thats what made me like her, spencer. He finished, smiling mostly to himself. I was pretty sure that there were tears forming in my eyes. Gayish i know. I, uh- thanks a lot, blake. And, good luck. I stuttered, patting his back. No worries He shrugged. I checked my watch. Three minutes till the last bell. Uh, spencer? Blake called. Yeah? Always remember, dont judge the book by its cover. And, if you like someone, learn to love her flaws first. He finished, then he left. Samanthas POV I stared at the clock, counting the time in my head. 56 57 58 59 RIIIIINNNGGGG! Shoot. I got up as fast as I could then hurried my way towards the door then down the stairs. Great, I thought to myself. Its just a detention, Sam. Calm down. Its just a detention. just a detention Just a fuc- SAM! Someone shouted, taking me into realization. I stopped in my tracks to find whoever who was calling me. I saw Spencer waving at me frantically, gesturing the way to the detention room. Right. What the hell am I thinking and why am I walking the other way?! I shrieked, thinking to myself. I made my way to Spencer who was now laughing like theres no tomorrow. Embarrassed, I tried to cover up. Why are you laughing? I asked, faking innocence. He stifled some laugh. You looked a little.. lost. Do you really study here? Why are you walking the other way? You do know that the detention room is here, right? He asked, pointing to the room. Who said that I was going there first? I asked, keeping my face blank. Where were you going, then? He asked, challenging me. To the ladies room I said confidently, hoping hed buy it this time. He just stared at my blankly. Then he started laughing. Harder and louder this time. Samantha! HAHAHAHAHA! Youre f-fucking hi-hilarious! The la-dies room i-is upsta-irs! He manage to say between laughs. My mouth formed a small o as I realize that he was right. I was left utterly speechless and really embarrassed. I can feel my cheeks turning bright red. I look up at him and hes still laughing. This time, with no noise coming out. Are you done making fun of me? I asked, raising my eyebrow. He finally stopped laughing, clutching his hard-abs stomach as he spoke. Yeah. You didnt tell me youre a good comedian, Sam. I rolled my eyes. I know right? Its one of my hidden talents. Absolutely right. By giving me a good laugh everyday, I wont have to work out anymore. He waggled his eyebrows at me. I smiled. This man surely made my day. Who would have thought that Mr. Spencer Young is like that? Maybe, if we hang out a long time ago, we would be bestfriends by now. And did I mention that he looked hot in his outfit? From v-neck to skinny jeans, perfect. Are you done checking me out? He asked, gesturing to his body. I rolled my eyes and started walking towards the detention room, worry and nervous free. As we walked inside, we realized that were not the only ones who got detention. We saw a girl and a boy -probably freshman- lurking around the room waiting for Mr. Lantican. At last, he came inside, holding a cup of coffee and a large notebook in his hands. We all stand up to greet him. Good afternoon, sir. Good afternoon, kids. He replied. Now, I will group and assign you all to your works He said, looking and flipping through the notebook. Lets see Luke and Miley both of you will be at the movie room to fix all the cds and equipments He finally said. The two student nodded, then left. As for you two- He said, looking at us intensely. -Ill be assigning you to the library to fix and rearrange some books. You may now proceed He finished, then left. I made my way to the library with Spencer, eager to finish the task. We stormed downstairs, taking a left to the library. When I opened the door, we were surprised on how messy it was. Youve got to be kidding me. We cant finish this in one hour What happened here? Spencer asked. I dont know I said, stretching. Lets get working. *After one hour* Woooooh! I shouted, wiping my head with the back of my hand. Weve been cleaning for an hour, throwing and stacking some books here and there. Spencer isnt much of a help though. While I was working my butt out, rearranging some books, he thought it would be fun to just sit there and draw some silly faces on the book covers. But somehow, thankfully, weve managed to clean the library. When were contented with our work, we turned the lights off then we headed out of the school. Uh, Spencer? I asked, realizing something. Yeah? He replied whilst looking at his watch. I-uh, would you give me a lift? I mean, Anna is usually the- No problem, milady He interrupted. I smiled at him. Thanks. As I got up to his car -which is a grey Porsche carrera gt- I pulled out my phone and saw that I have two messages coming from Anna and mom. I opened moms first: Honey, where are you? You didnt tell me youre going to be late I immediately hit the reply button: Sorry, mom. Just got detention. Ill explain it to you later, love you. After sending, I read Annas message: Hows detention with Mr. Young? ;) I smiled, typing: Weve been asked to clean the library. I hate to admit it, but its fun. Never thought Mr. Young has a great sense of humor ;) I hit the send button then I put my phone back in my pocket. Minutes passed and I started to feel some awkwardness so I decided to play some music. I reached for the Switchfoot album, then pushed the CD inside. I stared at the window just as while You was playing. Great. I look like an emo Theres always something in the way Theres always something getting through But its not me, its you At exactly 6:00 pm, Spencer pulled up in front of my house. I thanked him and waved goodbye, then he left. I sighed heavily, thinking of the very tiring day. I pushed myself to the door and I walked inside. Moooom? I shouted, looking for her. At the kitchen! She shouted back. I made my way to the kitchen, dropping my bag at the bottom of the stairs as I walked by. MOM!- I immediately talk. -Im so sorry. I didnt mean to be late in class, I swear it wont happen again and I just want you to know that Ill still be getting straight As and also- Samantha! Calm down! Were not mad, okay? She interrupted. I scrunched my eyebrows in confusion. Huh? Why are you not mad? Youre supposed to be shouting at me for letting you down. I said in a weak voice, tears starting to fall. Shhh, Samantha. Dont ever think about that. Actually, your dad and I were happy that it happened. Youre experiencing the things youve never experience before. Were so proud of you, honey. I stopped crying then I studied her face. Was she serious? Things that Ive never done before? That would be parties, drinking alcohol, taking drugs and sex. I stared at her in horror. Sam, are you okay? Mom asked, waving a hand to my face. She must have noticed that im not breathing. I came back into realization. Uh yeah, mom. Im just.. tired. I should go up and change now I said, kissing her cheeks. I walked pass the dining room, grabbing a banana to calm myself down. I picked up my bag and jogged my way upstairs. Just as I was about to walk inside my room, my father appeared in the hallway Your moms right, Sam. You should live your life the way you wanted. He said, holding back tears. I just nodded then I locked myself inside the room.

Paintings in Rome :: Essays Papers

Paintings in Rome In 211 BC the great general M. Claudius Marcellus returned to Rome after his decisive defeat of Syracuse. With him came a vast booty of Hellenistic artifacts. Remaining outside the sacred precincts of Rome, he supplicated the Senate for the purification and glory of a triumphal procession, realizing that they would both make a visual impression in his triumph and also be an ornament for the city." He opened his triumph impressively with an allegorical painting of Syracuse made prisoner. Paintings carried in triumphal processions, specifically commissioned to commemorate victorious military campaigns, not only added immensely to the celebratory nature of the rite, they also increased its sociopolitical power. Roman triumphal painting also served to acquaint Romans with novel artistic conventions, previously foreign to their experience. Although none of the paintings commissioned by victorious Roman generals to decorate their triumphal processions survives, the testimonial provide crucial alternate evidence to determine their role in shaping Roman political and artistic culture in the Republican period. During the Republic, Roman paintings with historical themes commemorated the empire's expansion: for example, the conquests of Carthage in 201 BC, Sardinia in 174 BC, and Macedonian in 168 BC Subjects included, at one end of the spectrum, pared-down iconic personifications and, at the other end, full-fledged battle scenes in landscape settings. Roman historical paintings not only secured the private memories of participants in actual events; they also served a didactic and propagandistic function in the public sphere of Roman political and religious institutions. The Roman governing class commissioned historical paintings to inform a specifically Roman audience of its achievements, to educate that audience about its policies, and thus to persuade that audience to adopt its views and follow a particular course of action. It used historical paintings to implement ideology. Ancient Rome inherited arguments, already old, for the superiority of painting over any other form of communicatio n to affect and manipulate an audience. Further, Romans embraced the idea that historical painting was at its most effective when it became the embodiment of what it represented, or, to use the terms preferred by Freedberg, when the sign becomes the living embodiment of what it signifies. (Ancient authors, for example, relish anecdotes describing portraits that profoundly affected spectators long after the death of their subjects.) Toward that end, Roman patrons became increasingly sophisticated about representational strategies and throughout the course of the Republic procured the most commanding examples possible.

Why Me

What was I going to do My mom was going to freak out on me. Oh no! Not my Dad, he is going to kill me. I have no idea what I am going to do Who is going to be there for me and help me get through all this. At this point I had no idea what to do. I sat in my room crying and praying to God to get me through all of this and give me courage to tell someone what was going on. Tina, I barely said crying to my sister as she answered her cell phone. Whats wrong My sister replied. Tina†¦ I need to talk to you please help me†¦ Im scared, I said hysterically crying. Why Maria What is going on Where are you she asked in bothered manner. Im here at home. Please dont be mad at me, I need you, I said barely even enunciating my words. Maria, I need you to calm down, hon tell me whats going on, she said in a soothing concerned voice. Tina, I said with tears pouring out my eyes. I found out that.well Im pregnant. Oh honey, are you sure Ill make a doctors appointment for sure, but until we know for sure dont say anything. So calm down and Ill call you later. I love you, Tina told me. I love you too! Thanks. I said with a new feeling of comfort. I know my sister would be there for me, but I was astonished in how understanding she was about this. She went with me to the doctor and when we found out that I was ten week into my pregnancy. She talked to me about all the options. It was clear to me that it would be hard to have a baby so young, but I knew I had to keep my angel, I would have to face the consequences of my actions. The next two weeks were the longest weeks of my life knowing in seven months I would be having my own little angel. Right then I knew I had to change my life. I tried to get back in the jest of things at school but there was no way I could pass with all that I had missed. So I started working and saving money, but as things started to go straight and I got my head back on my shoulders, I had a miscarriage. I cried in pain because my baby was gone and I couldnt do anything to get my angel back. Maybe it was for the best because God knows what hes doing. That was my wake up call, to start over get things straight for my own good. Im in my senior year doing everything I can do to succeed. Working as hard as I need to, in order to get in a University and be successful, not for just me but for my angel that will come back later in my life when Im more ready and prepared. I have no regrets, because my trust is in God, and I respect His decision. So now I need to do my part and Im willing to work as hard as I need to, to be what I need to be. Its crazy to think that I probably wouldnt even be in school writing this because I would be having a baby any day now. I wonder why this had to happen to me, and when I think about it I just want to cry because a part of me has died. Although, Im also relieved, because I know God did this to open my eyes and make me turn my life around. Now Im working as hard as I can to make my dreams of going to college and being successful come true, not for any body else, but myself and my little angel. Why Me What was I going to do My mom was going to freak out on me. Oh no! Not my Dad, he is going to kill me. I have no idea what I am going to do Who is going to be there for me and help me get through all this. At this point I had no idea what to do. I sat in my room crying and praying to God to get me through all of this and give me courage to tell someone what was going on. Tina, I barely said crying to my sister as she answered her cell phone. Whats wrong My sister replied. Tina†¦ I need to talk to you please help me†¦ Im scared, I said hysterically crying. Why Maria What is going on Where are you she asked in bothered manner. Im here at home. Please dont be mad at me, I need you, I said barely even enunciating my words. Maria, I need you to calm down, hon tell me whats going on, she said in a soothing concerned voice. Tina, I said with tears pouring out my eyes. I found out that.well Im pregnant. Oh honey, are you sure Ill make a doctors appointment for sure, but until we know for sure dont say anything. So calm down and Ill call you later. I love you, Tina told me. I love you too! Thanks. I said with a new feeling of comfort. I know my sister would be there for me, but I was astonished in how understanding she was about this. She went with me to the doctor and when we found out that I was ten week into my pregnancy. She talked to me about all the options. It was clear to me that it would be hard to have a baby so young, but I knew I had to keep my angel, I would have to face the consequences of my actions. The next two weeks were the longest weeks of my life knowing in seven months I would be having my own little angel. Right then I knew I had to change my life. I tried to get back in the jest of things at school but there was no way I could pass with all that I had missed. So I started working and saving money, but as things started to go straight and I got my head back on my shoulders, I had a miscarriage. I cried in pain because my baby was gone and I couldnt do anything to get my angel back. Maybe it was for the best because God knows what hes doing. That was my wake up call, to start over get things straight for my own good. Im in my senior year doing everything I can do to succeed. Working as hard as I need to, in order to get in a University and be successful, not for just me but for my angel that will come back later in my life when Im more ready and prepared. I have no regrets, because my trust is in God, and I respect His decision. So now I need to do my part and Im willing to work as hard as I need to, to be what I need to be. Its crazy to think that I probably wouldnt even be in school writing this because I would be having a baby any day now. I wonder why this had to happen to me, and when I think about it I just want to cry because a part of me has died. Although, Im also relieved, because I know God did this to open my eyes and make me turn my life around. Now Im working as hard as I can to make my dreams of going to college and being successful come true, not for any body else, but myself and my little angel.

Ethics and Morality Essay

I’m Researching†¦ Saved Recents Uploads My Answers Account Products Home Essays Drive Answers Texty About Company Legal Site Map Contact Us Advertise  ©2016 Ethics and Morality Ethics, Morality, Philosophy Mar 7, 2008 3604Words 791Views PAGE 1 OF 9 Abstract The paper delves into the topic of ethics and morality. It would try to understand the concept of ethics and morality and the difference between the two concepts. In the paper I would analyse what motivates human behaviour and choices and why those choices can never always be moral and ethical. I will analyse some ethical and moral theories that provide guidelines for ethical human behaviour and critically assess them with the aid of real life examples, to determine whether it is possible to have universally applicable rules that help humans to decide if a decision requires ethical/moral considerations or not. The paper would aim to prove that it is the needs of humans which may be at times materialistic and at other times spiritual, that govern their course of action. As no two humans have similar needs and similar means to fulfil their needs, to straitjacket decisions into moral/ethical and rational is virtually impossible. Introduction â€Å"The temptation to set aside ethical standards is always present, because the gains are so large for the individual who decides to work outside the rules. † From The High Price of Low Ethics How Corruption Imperils American Entrepreneurship and Democracy Carl J. Schramm, PhD, JD President and CEO, The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation There is no doubt that to succeed in life today, one has to be shrewd, aggressive and practical. We see all around us that the struggle for existence forces humans to sideline issues of right and wrong and makes them focus only on achieving the ends with little or no consideration to the means employed. Does this mean that humans have become inherently immoral and unethical? No. Humans cannot be blind to morality and ethics. According to Aristotle, humans are social animals. For them to be perfectly happy, they have to be a part of a society that is also happy (Yrjonsuuri 2004). This means that humans, who are biologically selfish, need to consider the interests of the society and be aware of the morality of their choices. But do we understand what ethics and morals are? Ethics are not the same as feelings as some people feel good even when they do something criminal (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not religion, as many people are not religious, but ethics apply to all (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are also not law as law can become ethically corrupt as some totalitarian regimes have made it (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not about following culturally accepted norms as cultures can sometimes become corrupt, and neither is ethics science (Marrakula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Then what exactly are ethics and morals? How do we know that we are being faced with an ethical and moral choice rather than an ordinary one? Telling the truth is considered morally right, but if our truth hurts someone should we tell the truth? Can humans be ethical and moral at all times? How many of us know people who would have been influenced by their morals to hide Jews from the Nazis at the expense of their lives? Would the people who preferred to save their own lives be considered immoral? Such questions that concern the right behaviour for humans have been a subject of debate for centuries because it is believed that there is no right answer for such questions. What may feel right to one individual or organization may be considered immoral in another society. This paper would try to analyse the concept of morality and ethics, and their importance in the life of human beings, with an objective to understand whether it is possible to develop universal rules in decision making that can make it easier for humans to take decisions that are acceptable to the society and their conscious. Discussion The word Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos which means moral character or custom. The word Morality comes from the Latin word moralis which means custom or manner (Perle n. d. ). ?Both the words deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings relate to the way people act – either good or bad, or right or wrong’ (Perle n. d. ). So, if people often use the two words as if they have the same meaning, it should be no surprise. ?While we may often use the two terms interchangeably, morals are generally understood to be the principles of right and wrong, whereas ethics involve an entire system of moral issues and focuses on right and wrong behaviour’ (Eastwood et al. 2006). Morality is an individual’s perception of right and wrong which may be in disagreement with another individual’s perception. Nevertheless, every individual’s morality influences the values of the society. Ethics is the product of those collective moral values of all the individuals in the society (The oracle education foundation n. d). ?The distinction between ethics and morality can be demonstrated by using the analogy of a conversation. If one imagines that ethics is a conversation that has arisen to answer the question, â€Å"What should a person do? â€Å", then moralities are the voices in that conversation’ (St. James Ethics centre n. d. ). Morality and ethics talk about right and wrong behaviour. But what should be the standard of deciding what is right and what is wrong? Kant proposed a test for personal duty and good willing which eliminates self interest and helps decide whether an action is ethically correct (Eastwood et al. 2006). The test requires an individual to ask himself whether he would be willing to have everyone in the world under similar circumstances behave in exactly the same manner (Eastwood et al. 2006). This is the Categorical Imperative, which states that an act can be judged right or wrong only if everyone in the world will act in the same way or come to the same decision under similar circumstances (Eastwood et al. 2006). But decision making is rarely an easy process. In our lives, we face situations where we have to take decisions to achieve some desired objective(s) with minimum negative consequences. Decision making becomes even more complicated when our needs are in conflict with each other. Humans have broadly two categories of needs which guide their decisions, viz. deficiency needs associated with physiological needs, which are determined by life processes, like survival, reproduction, nourishment etc, and growth needs associated with psychological needs which are outside the life processes and differentiate humans from other creatures, like creativity, spontaneity, self actualization etc. (Maslow, 1943). Schlozberg in his essay analysed that according to Arendt, our needs of life and the life process are fulfilled through ordinary decision making which is rational in nature. As the number of the ordinary decisions that need to be made in our daily lives are so large, our mind often takes them in a routine and habitual manner, through the aids of customs and habits (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). The way individuals will greet each other, their behaviour towards their seniors etc are examples of some of the decisions which are taken without a thought to any values that we may cherish. But, ordinary decision making while being useful in daily life, is ill fitted for moral and ethical decision making (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). Our other set of needs that stem from outside the life processes, require us to often take heed of moral and ethical issues and negate the presence of rationality. Let us take the example of Siebel Edmonds, who worked as a FBI translator. ?Edmonds was fired from her position as a language specialist at the FBI’s Washington Field Office in March, 2002, after she accused a colleague of covering up illicit activity involving foreign nationals, alleging serious acts of security breaches, cover-ups, and intentional blocking of intelligence which, she contended, presented a danger to the United States’ security’ (Wikipedia 2005). If we try to analyze her act, it can be said that her decision to report the misconduct to higher authorities at the expense of her job was not rational rather a decision governed by her moral values. If Edmonds had placed her survival before all other needs, she would have made an ordinary rational decision, rather than an extraordinary moral decision which she eventually made. However, if we analyse Edmond’s moral decision from the point of view of deontology, we may argue that her decision may have been rational! From a deontological point of view, something is moral/ethical not because of its consequences, but is moral/ethical because the motive or intent is good with no ulterior motive attached (Russo n. d. ). So, to actually bracket Siebel Edmonds decision as a moral decision and not a rational decision, it is important to know whether her intention was to exemplify herself as a model employee and be promoted, or was she actually concerned about US security? True moral/ethical choices cannot be rational choices. It is only an individual who can decide whether his/her need falls under the realm of life process or arises out of extra-natural conditions. Understanding of this aspect will help him/her take an ordinary decision bordering on rationality or a value laden decision based on morality and ethics. Human beings and organizations are forever being presented with opportunities in life where they have to take such decisions. We all know that the primary objective of a business organization is to increase the market value of the company. The board of directors thus are often known to resort to any means to achieve the objective which is rational for the organization’s growth. Economics and morality/ethics do not mix, and we end up seeing instances of insider trading, industrial espionage etc. in the business world. But on the other hand, the organizations also have a need to be respected in the society so that people trust them. When an organization takes a decision keeping their social responsibilities in mind, they may take decisions which are ethical and moral in the true sense. Let us take the example of the cosmetic company,† The Body Shop†. ?Body Shop was regarded as amongst the first firms in the world to publish a proper report on its social responsibility initiatives. In addition to social activism, internal audit programs were conducted at Body Shop for environmental protection, health and safety at work, and the monitoring of â€Å"Against Animal Testing Policy† ? (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). All this indicates that the objective of Body Shop was to develop an organization in sync with certain moral and ethical values. However recently, Body Shop was acquired by L’Oreal and faced severe criticism for the same. Some analysts believed that ? L’Oreal did not share the principles of Body Shop, and that this acquisition had removed the biggest supporter of ethically sourced beauty care products from the market’ (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Analyst also believed that Ms Roddick, the owner of Body Shop, ? sold out’ to the very organization she fought against (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Why did Body Shop allow itself to be acquired by L’Oreal? It may be argued that the decision of selling Body Shop to L’Oreal was probably a rational business decision, taken presumably because Body Shop was operating at a loss and the money that Ms. Roddick was offered by L’Oreal was too tempting to resist. Clearly, whatever may be the reason behind the decision, morality/ethics does not seem to be one of them! Thus it can be said that humans or at a macro level organizations, take decisions governed by their needs and the desired outcomes. As the example of Body Shop illustrates, sometimes decisions are rational and sometimes ethical/moral. Thus, to expect that all decisions made by an individual or an organization will at all times be moral and ethical is unrealistic. So what kinds of decisions should always be ethical? And when should we decide to take decisions based on our morality? Morals come into play when an individual decides to make a personal choice, whereas ethics come into play when an individual decides to make a choice as a representative of a social group (organization, doctors, lawyers etc. ). Nevertheless, both ethics and morals help individuals to decide between the right and wrong, and thus have similar benchmarks for deciding the kind of decisions that should be moral/ethical. According to the Utilitarian theory, any decision that has the potential of harming the maximum number of people while benefiting just a few, should be decided ethically so that maximum good and least harm is done (Andre et al. 1996). Other philosophers who follow the Rights Approach suggest that if our actions tend to violate the rights of humans, then the decision should be made on ethical grounds so that rights of humans are protected (Andre et al. 1996). The Greek Philosophers believed in a common good approach, which suggested that certain conditions in the society are shared amongst all humans, so all are decisions that are important for the welfare of everyone should be based on ethical reasoning (Andre et al. 1996). A very ancient approach to ethics is that ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. The virtue ethics asks of any action, â€Å"What kind of person will I become if I do this? † or â€Å"Is this action consistent with my acting at my best? † (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). In essence virtue approach suggests that all the decisions that we take in our life are required to be based on ethics and morality. These different approaches give us a broad outline of the type of decisions that should be considered ethical or moral. However in the real world there will always be an uncertainty on whether a decision should be made on ethical/moral grounds or not. If a decision benefits maximum people and harms only the organization, will the company take the ethical decision? Not necessarily. It did not stop Nestle from sourcing its cocoa from the Ivory Coast where bonded labours and children were used in the plantations (Harkins et al. 2005). If we follow the rights approach, then we may not all agree to the same set of human and civil rights (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). And then there is the question of who decides what constitutes common good? Also not all the approaches answer the question, â€Å"what is ethical/moral? † in the same way (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). Nevertheless, the above theories do give us an idea of the kind of decisions that should ideally be made on ethical and moral grounds. If we believe that a decision could be damaging to the community, violates the rights of others, or makes us feel guilty, it is a decision that ideally requires ethical/moral considerations. But eventually, in the real world it is the needs of the humans and organizations that would determine their choice. Conclusion ?There are no natural morals or ethics’ (Saxena 2003). Humans are animals who have natural survival instincts and are programmed for the sole aim of survival and proliferation (Saxena 2003). But as Aristotle said, humans are not like other animals, they are social animals, who belong to a social setup where the principles of survival of the fittest do not always operate (Saxena 2003). Humans need to curb their survival instincts to sustain the society and the social structures (Saxena 2003). These restrictions take the form of moral and ethics (Saxena 2003). Morals and ethics are thus the social survival instincts visible in human beings, which guide him/her to live a righteous socially acceptable life (Saxena 2003). Unfortunately, the survival instincts of humans often conflict with their ethics and morality, making it difficult for them to always follow the righteous path. Humans are thus forever performing a balancing act to survive with a clear conscience. For instance, most of the tobacco companies while promoting smoking are known to make huge donations to various philanthropic causes, presumably to appease their moral and ethical values while simultaneously pursuing their business interests! (Campaign for tobacco-free kids 2006). As long as individuals have worldly needs and desires, they cannot be realistically expected to be moral and ethical at all times. Although there are various moral and ethical theories which suggest the right path, it is eventually an individual’s needs and desired outcomes that guide the path that he chooses. No two situations are similar in this world, and only the people who have to take the decision understand their environment, their needs and the approach (ethical/moral, or rational) that will best suit them. So although the philosopher’s of the world can guide moral and ethical behaviour, it is an individual himself who can realistically define them and decide what kinds of decisions should always be ethical/moral for him. Fortunately not all decisions require humans to be moral and ethical. Most of our decisions are based on customs and habits that are accepted in our society and thus do not require us to consider moral and ethical repercussions. What to eat? How to dress? How to behave with elders, are some examples of such decisions which we take mechanically on a regular basis. Alas, only one decision, â€Å"What is the right thing to do? † leaves us humans struggling for an answer! References Andre, C. , DeCosse, D. , Hanson, O. K. , McLean, M. R. , Meyer, M. J. , Moberg, D. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1988, ? 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